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JAY Ho: Ayushman Bharat's Jan Arogya Yojana (JAY) and Health Outcomes 311

¾ PM-JAY enhanced health insurance coverage. The proportion of households that had
health insurance increased in Bihar, Assam and Sikkim from 2015-16 to 2019-20 by 89
per cent while it decreased by 12 per cent over the same period in West Bengal. Across
all the states, the proportion of households with health insurance increased by 54 per
cent for the states that implemented PM-JAY while falling by 10 per cent in states that
did not.

¾ From 2015-16 to 2019-20, infant mortality rates declined by 12 per cent for states that
did not adopt PM-JAY and by 20 per cent for the states that adopted it. Similarly, while
states that did not adopt PM-JAY saw a fall of 14 per cent in its Under-5 mortality
rate, the states that adopted it witnessed a 19 per cent reduction. While states that did
not adopt PM-JAY witness 15 per cent decline in unmet need for spacing between
consecutive kids, the states that adopted it recorded a 31 per cent fall. Various metrics
for mother and child care improved more in the states that adopted PM-JAY as compared
to those who did not. Each of these health effects manifested similarly when we compare
Bihar, Assam and Sikkim that implemented PM-JAY versus West Bengal that did not.
While some of these effects stemmed directly from enhanced care enabled by insurance
coverage, others represent spillover effects due to the same. overall, the comparison
reflects significant improvements in several health outcomes in states that implemented
PM-JAY versus those that did not. As the difference-in-difference analysis controls for
confounding factors, the Survey infers that PM-JAY has a positive impact on health
outcomes.

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