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Social Infrastructure and Employment 355
Figure 7: School Gross Enrolment Ratios in India (in percent) Figure 7: School Gross Enrolment Ratios in India (in percent)
Figure 7: School Gross Enrolment Ratios in India (in percent)

(a) Primary level (b) Upper Primary level
(a) P rimary level(a) P rimary level ( b ) U p p er P ri m a ry l ev el( b ) U p p er P ri m a ry l ev el
GirlsGirls BoysBoys OverallOverall GirlsGirls BoysBoys OverallOverall
108 107 108 107 107 107 107 106 107 107 106 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 91 91 90

89 89 90 90 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 87 8889 89 89 90 90 89 90
104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 104 104 103 103 88 88 87 88 87 88 87 88 87 88 89 87 88
103
102 103 101 102 101 102 102 87 87 87 87
101 101 85 85

2013 - 2014- 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 -2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 - 2013 - 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017 - 2018 - 2019-2013 - 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019-
14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 1 4 1 4 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20

Source: Ministry of Education (UDISE+)

Note: GER greater than 100 percent might represent presence of over or under age children in a particular level
Source: Ministry of Education (UDISE+) Source: Ministry of Education (UDISE+)
of education.
Note: GER greater than 100 percent might represent presence of over or under age children in a Note: GER greater than 100 percent might represent presence of over or under age children in a
particular level of education. particular level of education.
Figure 8: School Gross Enrolment Ratios in India: Secondary level (in percent)
Figure 8: School Gross Enrolment Ratios in India: Secondary level (in percent)

Girls Boys Overall 78 78 78

77 77
77 77 77 77
76 77 77 76
76 76
76
76 76

74
74
73

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Source: Ministry of Education (UDISE+)
Source: Ministry of Education (UDISE+)
School Drop-out

10.26 Year 2019-20 saw decline in dropout rates at primary, upper-primary, and secondary
11

levels. In 2019-20, school dropout rate at primary level declined to 1.45 percent from 4.45

percent in 2018-19. The decline is for both girls and boys (Figure 9a). The decline has also

reversed the trends of increasing dropout rates during previous two years: 2017-18 & 2018-19.

In upper-primary, drop-out rates for girls and boys have continuously declined since 2017-18
(Figure 9b). Similarly, in secondary also, decline in dropout rates is continuous since 2016-17,

both for girls and boys (Figure 10) .
12
1 1
11 Dropout rate is defined as proportion of pupil from a cohort enrolled in a given level at a given school year who are no longer enrolled at any grade
in the following school year.

12 The schemes such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, RTE Act, improvement in school infrastructure and facilities, residential hostel buildings, availability
of teachers, regular training of teachers, free text books, uniforms to children, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme and the Mid Day Meal

Scheme play important role in enhancing enrolment and retention of children in schools.

1