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360 Economic Survey 2021-22

Higher Education

10.33 Gross enrolment ratio in higher education recorded at 27.1 percent in 2019-20, slightly

higher from 26.3 percent in 2018-19. For males, it has also increased from 26.3 percent in

2018-19 to 26.9 percent in 2019-20 while for females it has increased from 26.4 percent to 27.3
percent respectively (Figure 11).
Figure 11: Gross Enrolment Ratios in Higher Education for age 18-23 years (in percent)
Figure 11: Gross Enrolment Ratios in Higher Education for age 18-23 years (in percent)

Male Female Overall

23.9 23.0 25.3 23.2 24.3 25.4 23.5 24.5 26.0 24.5 25.2 26.3 25.4 25.8 26.3 26.4 26.3 26.9 27.3 27.1
22.0

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Source: All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) report 2019-20, Ministry of Education
Source: All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) report 2019-20, Ministry of Education
Recent Initiatives in Higher Education

10.34 Government has taken multiple initiatives aimed at revolutionizing the higher education
ecosystem by (i) enabling higher vocationalisation, (ii) greater multi-disciplinary research, (iii)

providing multiple entry and exit points, (iv) promoting globalisation of education, (v) leveraging

the potential of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning process

for all learners. For integration of vocational education into the higher education system, University
Grant Commission (Institutions Deemed to be University) Regulation 2019 has been amended; and
guidelines have been issued by UGC and All India Council for Technical Education to enable Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs) to offer Apprenticeship/Internship embedded degree programme.

10.35 National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) has been extended for the next five
years with an outlay of ` 3054 crore which will make, through apprenticeship, around 9 lakh
students employable. Under the scheme students will be given apprenticeship in the emerging
and frontier technology such as Artificial Intelligence, drone technology, new evolving and
emergent areas including expertise required for Production Linked Incentive Scheme, and PM
Gati Shakti Programme of the Government. The scope of the NATS has been broadened to give
apprentices to students from humanities, commerce and science besides engineering stream.
10.36 Academic Bank of Credit, launched on 29.07.2021, would digitally store the academic credits
earned from various recognized Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) such that credits so earned can be
accounted for award of degree by any given HEI. Appropriate amendments in regulations by University
Grants Commission (UGC) have been affected to facilitate multiple entry/exit in academic programmes
at HEIs and offering of offshore courses by Institutions of Eminence (IOE).
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