Page 279 - ES 2020-21_Volume-1-2 [28-01-21]

262 Economic Survey 2020-21 Volume 1

8.31 India’s GII rankings have been led by its performance in innovation outputs. Figure 25
shows that India has consistently improved on innovation outputs from rank 69 in 2015 to rank
45 in 2020. Meanwhile, China has improved its rank from 21 in 2015 to six in 2020.
Figure 25: Innovation Outputs Performance (2013-20)

80
69
65 59 58 57 India 51 China
Innovation Output Rank 40 42 25 21 45
60

20
16
15
11
10
5 6
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: GII database

8.32 Figure 26 shows that India has consistently improved on innovation inputs, from rank
100 in 2015 to rank 57 in 2020. China has improved from rank 41 in 2015 to rank 26 in 2020.
The year 2016 marked a sharp improvement in India’s performance in the innovation input sub-
index on account of improvement in HCR, market sophistication and business sophistication
performance.
Figure 26: Innovation Inputs Performance (2013-20)

120
100 India China
100
93
Innovation Input Rank 80 46 45 41 72 29 66 31 63 27 61 26 57 26
87

60

40

20

0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: GII database
8.33 Amongst output pillars, India has significantly improved on KTO pillar since 2014,
almost halving its rank from 50 in 2014 to 27 in 2020 (Figure 27). China’s performance slightly
worsened, with its rank declining from 2 in 2014 to 7 in 2020 on KTO. India has consistently
performed better in the knowledge diffusion sub-pillar as compared to knowledge creation and
impact.