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Figure 29: Institutions Performance (2013-20)
120 113 114
102 106 104 India China
100 91 96 79 92 78 80 77
Institutions Rank 80 70 60 61 62
60
40
20
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: GII database
8.36 India has significantly improved in the HCR pillar over time from rank 103 in 2015 to
60 in 2020 (Figure 30). China improved from rank 31 in 2015 to rank 21 in 2020. India’s
improvement in HCR pillar can be attributed to improvements in tertiary education sub-pillar.
India has been performing poorly in the primary and secondary education pillar – making it an
area requiring focussed attention.
Figure 30: Human Capital and Research Performance (2013-20)
120
105 103 India China
100 96
80 63 64
HCR Rank 60 56 53 60
36
40
32
31
29
25 23 25 21
20
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: GII database
8.37 On the infrastructure pillar, India’s rank improved from 89 in 2013 to 75 in 2020
while China’s rank improved from 44 to 36 during this period (Figure 31). India has been
performing poorly on the ecological sustainability sub-pillar, leading to slow improvement on
the infrastructure pillar.
