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Box 3: R&D Roadmap of China

In January 2006, China initiated a 15-year “Medium to Long Term Plan (MLP) for the Development
of Science and Technology”. MLP called for China to become an “innovation-oriented society” by
the year 2020, and a world leader in science and technology (S&T) by 2050. It committed China
to developing capabilities for “indigenous innovation” and to leapfrog into leading positions in new
science-based industries by the end of the plan period. The MLP of China used R&D as an important
instrument for development of S&T ecosystem.
MLP – A Snapshot

Duration
• 15 years: 2006 to 2020

Goals
• China to become an "innovation-oriented society"

• A world leader in S&T by 2050
• Developing capabilities for "indigenous innovation" and to leapfrog into leading positions in
new science-based industries

Targets and Instruments
• Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP to increase from 1.35 per
cent in 2005 to 2.5 per cent by 2020
• Raise contributions to economic growth from technological advance to more than 60 per cent

• Limit dependence on imported technology to no more than 30 per cent
• China to become one of the top five countries in the world in the number of invention patents
granted to Chinese citizens
• Chinese-authored scientific papers to become among the world's most cited

Source: Office of Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India

Figure 24: GII Performance (2013-20)

100
81 India China
80 76
66 66
60 57 52
GII Rank 40 35 48
60

29
29
25 22
20 17 14 14

0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Source: GII database