Page 283 - ES 2020-21_Volume-1-2 [28-01-21]

266 Economic Survey 2020-21 Volume 1

Figure 33: Business Sophistication Performance (2013-20)

140
India China
116
Business Sophistication Rank 80 33 32 31 57 55 64 65 55
120
94
93
100

60

40

20

0 7 9 9 14 15
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Source: GII database

R&D EXPENDITURE IN INDIA

Figure 34: Total GERD and Sector-wise Contributions to GDP, 2018

GERD (as per cent of GDP) GERD by Government (as per cent of GDP)
0.50

4 0.40 GR
JP GR India 0.36 CH US
GERD (% of GDP) 2 1 CH FR UK US Government GERD(% of GDP) 0.30 0.20 IN JP
3
FR
IT
CA

0 India 0.65 0.10 UK CA
0.00
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Log 10 (GDP per capita, 2018 PPP Current International $) Log 10 (GDP per capita, 2018 PPP Current International $)

GERD by Business Sector (as per cent of GDP) 1.00 0.80 GERD by Higher Education (as per cent of GDP)

4
Business GERD(% of GDP) 3 2 1 CH IT UK US Higher Education GERD(% of GDP) 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 India 0.05 CH JP CA UK US
JP
GR
FR
GR
FR
IT
CA
0
3 3.5 India 0.24 4.5 5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
4
Log 10 (GDP per capita, 2018 PPP Current International $) Log 10 (GDP per capita, 2018 PPP Current International $)
Note: Figure shows India’s GERD values. US = USA, CH = China, JP = Japan, GR = Germany, UK = United
Kingdom, FR = France, IT = Italy and CA = Canada.
Source: The World Bank and UNESCO