Page 722 - ES 2020-21_Volume-1-2 [28-01-21]

Social Infrastructure, Employment and Human Development 349

• Under Prime Minister’s Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) financial assistance was given to
building & other construction workers (BOCW) which largely included migrant workers from
the funds collected under BOCW’s cess. 31 State/UT Governments have announced cash
benefits, ranging from ` 1000 to ` 6000 per month to around 2.0 crore workers and total
amount of ` 4973.65 crore was disbursed.
• Shramik Special Trains: The Indian Railways operated special trains as per the State
Government’s request to facilitate migrant labourers/stranded passengers from 1 May 2020.
st
These special trains facilitated about 63.19 lakh migrant workers to reach their destination
between 1 May 2020 to 31 August 2020.
st
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GENDER DIMENSION OF EMPLOYMENT

10.27 LFPR of females in the productive age (15-59 years) was 26.5 per cent in 2018-19, as
compared to 80.3 per cent for males (rural+urban). While 54.7 per cent of urban women were
employed in the regular wage/salaried category, about 59.6 per cent of rural females were not
only self-employed but 37.9 per cent among them were helpers in household enterprises. The
low female LFPR is attributed to high participation of women (15 years & above) in domestic
duties (activity code of 92 & 93 of NCO, 2004), that is 55.7 per cent in rural areas and 59.1 per
cent in urban areas in 2018-19.

10.28 The NSO conducted Time Use Survey (TUS) during Jan-Dec, 2019 which inter-
alia, provides insights on how males and females spend their time in rural and urban areas in
various activities during a 24-hour time period. It is observed that time spent by a female on
unpaid domestic services and unpaid caregiving services to household members is prominent
and higher than male counterparts (Figure 8). Time spent on employment-related activities
by female members is 127 minutes lower than male. Among unpaid caregiving services for
household members, females spent disproportionately higher time on childcare and instruction
as compared to males (Figure 9). Similarly, among unpaid domestic services for household

members, females spent most of the time in food, meal management and preparation
(Figure 10).

Figure 8: Average Time (in minutes) Spent in a Day per
Participant in Different Activities (15-59 age group)

0 100 200 300 400 500
470
Employment and related activities
343
198
Production of goods for own final use
115
95
Unpaid domestic services for HHs members
315
73
Unpaid caregiving services for HHs members
137
103 Male
Unpaid volunteer, trainee and other unpaid work
100 Female

Source: Time Use Survey, 2019.