Page 710 - ES 2020-21_Volume-1-2 [28-01-21]

Social Infrastructure, Employment and Human Development 337

PMKVY 3.0. DSC shall be the focal point of implementation of PMKVY 3.0 and shall play
a major role in preparation of District level plan, mobilization and counselling of candidates,
formation of training batches, monitoring of quality assurance and post training support. A
phase-wise introduction of vocational courses in schools shall be initiated in coordination with
Ministry of Education. This component shall be implemented for classes 9 to 12 to expose
students to skill development avenues.
• Quality Enhancement: Towards enhancing the quality of long-term training programs and
providing a choice to learners about the institutes, the grading of ITIs has been undertaken
to improve their quality and transparency. Draft grading of ~11000 ITIs have already been
published. For ensuring greater industrial connect, new model of Dual System of Training
(DST) and Flexi MoUs is being implemented under which more than 950 MoUs with enterprises
have already been signed.
• Integration of Vocational and Formal education both at school and higher education: The
efforts towards integration of Vocational Education and Training (VET) in general education
has received a big fillip with the NEP, 2020 envisioning giving 50 per cent of school and higher
education candidates exposure to VET over the next 5 years. Some of the key ingredients
of VET integration includes offering vocational courses in schools and equal weightage to
vocational courses for admission in undergraduate courses have been implemented. The draft
Credit Framework for vertical and horizontal mobility from vocational to general and vice-
versa is being developed. A ‘hub-n-spoke’ model is also being piloted in 2 States with the
conceptual framework of early introduction of VET in schools and an ITI becoming a ‘Hub’ for
providing VET related training and exposure to students of adjoining 5-7 schools. It is hoped
that the artificial separation of the education system into formal and vocational shall end with
such enabling frameworks allowing seamless integration.

STATUS OF EMPLOYMENT

10.13 Based on the results of PLFS, estimates in absolute numbers of labour force,
employed persons and unemployed persons have been derived for 2017-18 and 2018-19,
separately for rural and urban sectors and for males and females in usual status (ps+ss) for
4
all ages (Table 7).
10.14 The size of labour force in 2018-19 was estimated at about 51.8 crore persons: about
48.8 crore employed and 3.0 crore unemployed. The size of the labour force increased by
about 0.85 crore between 2017-18 and 2018-19. Out of these, 0.46 crore were from urban
sector and 0.39 crore were from rural sector. The gender composition of the increase in the
labour force comprised about 0.64 crore males and about 0.21 crore females. The size of the
workforce increased by about 1.64 crore, of which 1.22 crore were in rural sector and 0.42
crore in urban sector. The gender composition was 0.92 crore females and 0.72 crore males.

4 The workers in the usual status (ps+ss) are obtained by considering the usual principal status (ps) and
the subsidiary status (ss) together. The workers in the usual status (ps+ss) include (a) the persons who
worked for a relatively long part of the 365 days preceding the date of survey and (b) the persons from
among the remaining population who had worked at least for 30 days during the reference period of 365
days preceding the date of survey.