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The Bare Necessities 325
at the top while Odisha, Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh are at the bottom on the drinking
water accessibility index. Regional disparities have increased in 2018 when compared to 2012
despite such disparities declining in urban areas (Figure 8). This is because these disparities
have increased in the rural areas. The Jal Jeevan mission must therefore focus on reducing the
disparities in the rural areas as the reduction in such disparities will reduce the disparities across
India. Across all groups, equity in access to drinking water increased in 2018 when compared
to 2012 (Figure 9).
Figure 8: Regional Disparities in Access to Drinking Water
Source: Survey calculations.
Figure 9: Increasing Equity in Access to Drinking Water
0.7
0.6
0.5
Drinking Water Index Water Index 0.3 2012
0.4
2018
0.2
0.1
0.0
Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5
India Rural Urban
Source: Survey calculations.
SANITATION INDEX
10.13 Indicators used in the sub-index are percentage of households by access to latrine for
exclusive use, the type of latrine viz., piped sewer system, septic tank, twin leach pit, single pit.
4 The indicator is about the physical access not about the use. Various survey such as National Annual Rural
Sanitation Survey (NARSS) 2018-19 shows that most of household who have latrine are also using them.
