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Figure 12: Increasing Equity in Sanitation

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7 2012
0.6
Sanitation Index 0.5 2018
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5
India Rural Urban

Source: Survey calculations.

HOUSING INDEX

10.15 The housing index measures not only the structure of house (in terms of Pucca or

Katcha), but also the quality of house in terms of type of dwelling unit (independent or not) and

condition of structure (Good or not). Figure 13 shows that the access to housing has improved in

all States, except urban areas in few States. The inter-State disparities have also declined as the
States having low level in 2012 have gained more (Figure 14). However, the gaps in the levels

across states have been large, especially in rural areas. The improvement in access to housing

lowest income group when compared to the
has also been disproportionately greater for the
highest income group, thereby enhancing equity in access to housing in 2018 vis-à-vis 2012

(Figure 15).
Figure 13: Improvements in Access to Housing in 2018 vis-à-vis 2012

Source: Survey calculations.