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384 Economic Survey 2021-22

Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) [SBM-G]

10.84 Rural sanitation has made tremendous progress under SBM-G since its inception on 2
nd
October, 2014. Since inception till 28.12.2021, more than 10.86 crore toilets have been built in
rural India.

10.85 Open Defecation Free (ODF) Plus under Phase II of SBM(G) is being implemented from
2020-21 to 2024-25 with a goal of making all the villages Open Defecation Free (ODF) through
convergence between different verticals of financing and various schemes of Central and State
Governments. Focus of phase II with a total outlay of Rs 1,40,881 crores is ODF sustainability
and Solid & Liquid Waste Management. During 2021-22 (as on 25.10.2021) a total of 7.16 lakh
Individual household latrines for new emerging households and 19,061 Community Sanitary
Complexes have been constructed. Also, 2,194 villages have been declared as ODF Plus.

10.86 As per the recently released findings of the fifth round of the National Family Health
Survey, 2019-21 (NFHS-5), population living in households that use an improved sanitation
facility has increased from 48.5 percent in 2015-16 to 70.2 percent in 2019-21. The proportion
of population living in households using an improved sanitation facility has increased in 2019-21
compared to 2015-16 (Table 14), in all states except Sikkim. Despite significant improvement,
the use of improved sanitation facilities in states such as Bihar (49 percent), Jharkhand (57
percent), Odisha (60 percent), Manipur (65 percent), Madhya Pradesh (65 percent), West
Bengal (68 percent), Assam (69 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (69 percent) have remained below
the national average of 70 percent in 2019-21.

10.87 Electricity and Clean Cooking Fuel: Government has made efforts to increase access
to clean fuel for cooking through the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). As per NFHS-5,
58.6 percent of households were using clean fuel for cooking in 2019-21, a significant increase
from 43.8 percent in 2015-16. Proportion of household using clean fuel for cooking, however,
varies across states (Table 14), where Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Tripura, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Himachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya were below the national average of 58.6 percent in 2019-21.

10.88 Government has made efforts through schemes such as SAUBHAGYA Yojana to ensure
‘Power for all.’ As per latest NFHS, households with electricity have increased from 88 percent
in 2015-16 to 96.8 percent in 2019-21.
Table 14: State wise proportion of households using sanitation facility and clean
fuel for cooking (%)

Population living in house-
holds that use an improved Households using clean fuel
for cooking (%)
States/UTs sanitation facility (%)
NFHS-4 NFHS-5 NFHS-4 NFHS-5
(2015-16) (2019-21) (2015-16) (2019-21)

All India 48.5 70.2 43.8 58.6
Andhra Pradesh 77.3 54.4 83.6 62.0

Arunachal Pradesh 82.9 61.6 53.2 45.0