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Saving Lives and Livelihoods Amidst a Once-in-a-Century Crisis 25

Where C stands for containment measures defined in Table 1. C is the ordinal value and N is the
j
j
maximum ordinal value of indicator C .
j
The value of the index is the average of 12 sub-indices pertaining to the individual policy indicators,
each taking a value between 0 and 100. 12
Stringency index 1 I 0 ⇒ (2)
j
12
j=1
The Stringency Index is validated with the trends in google mobility index - higher the restrictions
lower is the human mobility.
Stringency Index and Mobility Index

Source: Google Mobility Report and Stringency Index of DEA.
Data is state-wise for June-October. Larger the value of Stringency index stricter are the restrictions.
Note: Google Mobility index is average of the monthly averages of daily values of five variables excluding
Residence.

Figure 20: Higher Initial Stringency was Effective in Controlling Actual COVID-19 Spread and
Deaths in States
Figure 20a: Cases Figure 20b: Deaths
6 4 6 4
Difference between Estimated and Actual Cases (Lakhs) -2 Difference between Estimated and -2
Actual Deaths (Thousands)
2
2
0
0

-4

-6 -4
-6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15
Change in Stringency (During June to August) Change in Stringency (During June to August)
Source: Survey calculations